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. C. A. PAURE. APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY T0 GAR LIGHTING.

No. 379,567. Patented Mar. 20, 1888.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC OAMILLE A. FAURE, OF NEYV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRICAL ACOUMULATOR COMPANY, OF NEW YORK. 4

APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY TO CAR-LIGHTING;

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,567, dated March 20, 1888.

Application filed November Ill, 1887. Serial No. 255,308. (No model.) Patented in France November 9, 1881, No. 145,931.

To aZZ whom it may concern: of charge to the secondary battery. In case Be it known that I, CAMILLE A. FAURE, a this switch is calledinto operation the battery citizen of the Republic of France, and a resiis immediately and automatically substituted dent of New York, in the county of New York for the dynamo as a source of electrical energy 5 and State of New York, have invented certain to supply thelamps. The dynamo is a shuntnew and useful Improvements in Application wound dynamo-that is, one having its fieldof Electricity to Oar-Lighting, (for which I coils in a derived circuit. By varying the rehave obtained Letters Patent in France, No. sistance of this derived circuit I vary the 145,931, dated November 9, 1881,) of which strength of field magnetism, thus varying the 10 the following is aspecifieation. electr c-motive force of thedynamo andinorder My invention is an improvement in the apthat I may preserve this at asubstantially uniplication of electricity to train or car lighting. form point I provide an automatic switch for I provide a dynamo-electric machine arvarying the resistance in the derived circuit, ranged to be driven from the same source operated by variations of current in the main I 5 which furnishes power or energy to propel the circuit. This consists of an electro-magnet lotrain. This power is most conveniently apcated in the main circuit operating a switchplied by mechanically connecting the dynamoarm to introduce or Withdraw an artificial rearmature with a wheel or axle of the car or sistanee in the derived circuit. I preferably vehicle upon which it is located. There is a combine this with the electromagnetic switch 2: main circuit fed by the dynamo and a series of heretofore described for operating a circuitlamps taking current from the main circuit, breaker to make and break the main circuit. which are to be located at suitable intervals Thus this apparatus comprises an automatic through the carer train of cars. I provide mechanism for making or breaking the main against the fluctuations due to possible variacircuit upon a predetermined variation of cur- 25 tions in the application of power to the dy rent and for regulating the strength of current namo, and similar causes of fluctuation in curdue to the operation of the dynamo.

rent and of uncertainty in this system of light- I will now describe my improvement by refing, by placing a secondary battery with its erence to the accompanying drawings. opposite terminals in connection with the op- O is asectional elevation ofacar, showing the 30 posite poles of the dynamo, respectively. In truck T, having wheels W and axle 0. In one this way I charge the secondary battery with corner of the car is a shunt-wound dynamoelectricity, while the dynamo and the battery electric machine, D, having its armature upon together jointly contribute to supply current an arbor, a. Thereis a pulley, p, on the armato the lights, and in case of failure on the part turc-arbor and a pulley, 1?,011 the truck-axle,

35 of either dynamo or battery the one remaina belt, 1), connecting the two pulleys, so that ing intact furnishes the current to keep the one rotates with the other. Any other manner lamps in operation. In case of failure of the of mechanically connecting the armature with current from the dynamo the battery would a wheel or axle of the train may be substituted, establisha current through the armature which as may any equivalent means whereby the 4 would rapidly exhaust the energy of the batdynamo is driven from the source of energy tery and probably injure the dynamo. To propellingthe train.

avoid trouble from this cause I place an elec- From the dynamo main conductors 1 2 are tro-magnetic oircuit-ehanger in the main circarried through the car or train of cars, and cuit between the dynamo and battery, which a series of lamps, ll, are appropriatelylocated,

45 operates to break the main circuit at that point preferably connected to the main conductors in 5 upon a variation in current from the dynamo multiple are, as shown. To provide against exceeding certain predetermined limits, and a possible failure of current from the dynamo to close said circuit again only when the elec and to supply electrical energy during a stoptro-motive force from the dynamo has risen to page of the train, I connect a secondary bat- 3 50 a point sufficiently high to impart a current tery or accumulator in a separate circuit, 7 8,

between the opposite poles of the dynamo. In this way the battery steadies or regulates the current due to the dynamo and guards against failure or fluctuation of the light due to the variations in the motive power driving the dynamo or to other causes. The dynamo when operating acts to charge the battery, and also supplies current to the lamps.

The automatic switch and regulator E consists of an electro-magnet having two coils, M M, and a permanent magnet, w, pivoted at t. One coil, M, is of fine wire and is in a branch circuit, 20 21., The coarse-wire coil M is in the main lead 1, which passes through the break-point 13. Armature w is normally retracted by the spring 8. The magnet is furnished with extension pole-pieces v and y.

The automatic regulator consists of an artificial resistance in the shunt-circuit 3 4, containing the field-coils of the dynamo. This artificial resistance is in sections r r, &c., and there is a series of springblades, n, insulated from each other, each blade electrically connected to a difi'erent point in the shunt or de rived circuit. The electro magnet has an armature, a2, pivoted at q and normally held in a retracted position by the spring 8, which presses the armaturebar m into contact with the free ends of the spring-bladesn, thus bringing them into electrical contact and cutting out the artificial resistances. When the strength of current in the coils of the magnet equals or exceeds a certain predetermined point, armature x is attracted and moves agai nst the force of spring 8, thus decreasing pressure upon the spring-blades and introducing more or less resistance. The automatic apparatus is inclosed in a box or frame, F, and fixed to the side of the car.

The operation of the system may be described as follows: As the car moves, the axle and pulley Protate, thus rotating the armature of the dynamo, which, while a certain speed of rotation is maintained, generates a current of electricity having an electro-motive force sufficient to charge the battery B and raise lamps Z Z to incandescence. When this is the case, the apparatus occupies thepositiou shown in the drawings. The polarized armature to being repelled and retracted, the main circuitis closed at point 13. \Vhen the speed of the car and the rotation of the dynamo-armature exceeds this normal rate, the coils M and M conspire to attract armature .12 against the force of spring .9, and an artificial resistance is introduced into shunt-circuit. 3 4, which tends to reduce the force of the current from the dynamo.

It the speed drops below the normal, the attractive force exerted by the magnet on 00 will decrease and the spring 8 will more strongly compress spring-blades it, thus reducing resistance in the shunt circuit 3 4, tending to increase the strength of current in the derived circuit and the force of the current in the main circuit.

If the dynamo speed slow down to a point where the counter electro-motive force due to battery B exceeds the electro-motive force due to the dynamo. the reversal of current in the main circuit will cause the magnet to attract its polarized armature w and break circuit at point 13, thus rendering the return current from battery B harmless. There is no intermittence in the lights 1 6, however, for the battery B new acts as a source of electricity, supplying the lights until exhausted, or until the dynamo again starts into operation.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a system of lighting by electricity, the combination of a dynamo-electric machine, main conductors connected thereto, a series of electric lamps, and a secondary battery in parallel circuit with the dynamo, and a polarized electro-magnet operating a circuit-breaker located in the main circuit between the dynamo and battery.

2. The combination of a car or vehicle, a dynamo-electric machine having its armature mechanically connected with an axle of said vehicle, a secondary battery carried by said vehicle and electrically connected with said dynamo, and means for varying the strength of the field-magnetism of said dynamo whereby the dynamo may be used to charge the battery, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine having its armature mechanically connected with awheel or axle of a moving car, a secondary battery in circuit therewith, a derived circuit containing the field-coils of the dynamo, and means for varying the resistance of said circuit.

4. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine having its armature mechanically connected with an axle of a moving car, asecondary battery in circuit therewith, a derived circuit containing thefield-coils ofthe dynamo, and an automatic switch for varying the resistance of the derived circuit controlled by an electro-magnet in the main circuit.

5. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine having its armature mechanically connected with an axle of a car or vehicle, a

secondary battery in circuit therewith, a separate circuit containing the field-coils of the dynamo, a circuit-closer in the main circuit, a variable resistance in the derived circuit, and means for automatically controlling the operation of said circuit closer and for introducing and withdrawing said resistance, substantially as described.

6. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine having its armature mechanically connected with a wheel or axle of a car or vehicle, a secondary battery in circuit therewith, a separate circuit containing the fieldcoils of the dynamo, a circuit-breaker in the main circuit, a variable resistance in said separate circuit, and an electro-magnet in the main circuit operating to make and break the main circuit and to introduce and withdraw said resistance with respect to the separate circuit.

7. The combination of a dynamo-electric machine, a secondary battery, an electric circuit uniting the dynamo and battery, a circuitbreaker in the'main circuit, and a polarized electromagnet having two coils, one of which is located in the main circuit and the other in 

